Large Height Deviations

Description
Large Height Deviations (LHDs) could result from ATC coordination issues (e.g., negative or incomplete transfer, incorrect time estimates, or flight level discrepancies), as well as from flight crew, technical, or environmental factors.

LHDs result in a temporary loss or erosion of vertical separation, with the potential for mid-air collision (MAC) in RVSM airspace. Although there are various causes to these events, main operational consequences are borne by airlines through higher crew workload, unplanned level changes, fuel inefficiencies, and tactical conflict management.